Tuesday, April 16, 2019

Answering Islam: The Substitution Theory


Image result for empty tomb

A few years ago, I befriended a Muslim man from Africa at the gym where I worked out. I tried several times to witness to him about the Gospel. I even had the opportunity to give him a Bible. I explained to him, “One of the greatest differences between Christianity and Islam is that your religion says, ‘Do” (pray five times a day, give to the poor, make a pilgrimage to Mecca, etc.) but Jesus says “Done.” Your religion is based on works, and how do you know if you’ve ever done enough to merit God’s love? Meanwhile, Christ is about grace—salvation is a free gift.”

He listened intently and was kind. I never had the privilege of leading him to Christ, but I hope a seed was planted in his heart. One of the main objections that he had to the Gospel was that according to the Koran, Jesus was never crucified. “What?” I thought to myself, “How could anyone believe that—the crucifixion of Jesus is one of the best attested facts of history.”

Millions of people across our globe are professing Muslims and they believe just like my friend did—that Jesus never went to the cross, and therefore He never rose from the grave. After hearing about this strange teaching, I started doing some research and sure enough, in the Koran, Sura 157-159, we read about this alternate explanation to the Easter story:

“That they said, “We killed Christ Jesus the son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah”—but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them, and those who differ therein are full of doubts, with no knowledge, but only conjecture to follow, for of a surety they killed him not—nay, Allah raised him up unto Himself; and Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise.”

The Koran claims that rather than allowing Jesus, who was one of Allah’s prophets, to be crucified, Allah is said to have respected his prophet and saved him by crucifying someone else who was made to look like Jesus. This is known as the “Substitution Theory.” In fact, a highly respected Muslim commentator claims that Judas was crucified in the place of Jesus. According to this scenario, Jesus asked His disciples which of them would like to have His likeness cast upon him in order to be killed and enter paradise. Judas volunteered and replaced Jesus on the cross.[i]

Where in the world could Muhammad have gotten this idea? One theory among historians is that he actually got it from heretical Christian sects, such as the Gnostics. One of the Gnostic gospels from the third century, The Apocalypse of Peter, makes this bizarre claim.

Erwin Lutzer writes, “That Muhammad reiterated the common fables of the day explains why he taught that Jesus was born under a palm tree and that Jesus made clay birds come to life as a boy . . . Being an illiterate merchant, Muhammad got much of his information for his religion by plundering history and popular tales to solidify himself as a legitimate prophet of God.”[ii]  

There are several problems with the so-called, “substitution theory.” First, there isn’t a shred of historical proof to support it. This assertion from the Koran comes more than 600 years after the lifetime of Jesus. How can this source which contradicts all the eyewitness testimony be considered more trustworthy? Moreover, Muhammad was illiterate. How could he do a thorough historical investigation? Is your baloney meter going off yet?  

Second, this theory raises more questions than it answers. If Jesus wasn’t killed, then why was the tomb of the man who took his place found empty? And if Jesus wasn’t killed and not raised then why do we have people willing to die for their belief in the resurrection (i.e. Paul)?

Third and most importantly, this theory implodes under logic. Interestingly, even the Koran says that Jesus predicted his death and resurrection, “Peace on me the day I was born, and the day I die, and the day I shall be raised alive (Sura 19:33).” Since Jesus predicted his resurrection and Muhammad regards him as a prophet, if Jesus didn’t die and rise again that makes him a false prophet. If Jesus died a violent death, the Koran is wrong. If Jesus did not die a violent death and rise, then the Koran is also wrong. Either way, this puts the Muslim on the horns of a dilemma.

Praise God we don’t make a pilgrimage to see the occupied tomb of Jesus as the Muslims do Muhammad! Our God is not dead. While Muhammad's bones are moldering in the ground, Jesus is alive, seated at the Father’s right hand in power and glory! And one day, every knee shall bow, and every tongue shall confess Jesus as Lord, yes even Muhammad! What a day that will be! -DM




[i] Norman Geisler and Abdul Saleeb, Answering Islam (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1993), 67.  
[ii] Erwin Lutzer, Slandering Jesus (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 2007), 42.

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